Other nations that are often considered pariah states are those that violate the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. For many international relations experts, a clear indicator of a pariah state is one that lacks strong national identity, like borders. This distinction is mainly due to the fact that it is a relatively young country that, under Saddam Hussein, operated without clearly defined and agreed upon boundaries. Iraq has also been considered a pariah state on several occasions. This treaty went on to serve as the building block of international law. Under the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, European States considered the Ottoman Empire an “outcast” state on the grounds of religion. One such instance occurred between the Ottoman Empire and European states. Because there are no internationally defined and regulated criteria, this history is not always agreed upon. Throughout history, the world has experienced the existence of several pariah states. Finally, the fourth category includes those countries with a known or documented history of human rights violations. Countries that operate outside of the lines of democracy fall into the third category. The second category is nations or governments that support acts of terrorism or terrorist groups. The first category is nations that acquire, own, or utilize weapons of mass destruction with disregard for current international treaties. One example of this is when the US identified Cuba under Fidel Castro as a pariah state and used its standing within the Western Bloc to impose these views on other countries.ĭespite the lack of specific criteria, some experts have proposed a set of 4 categories that qualify a country as a pariah state. If an economically or politically powerful state identifies another nation as a pariah state, it may apply sufficient pressure in international relations in order to gain a consensus. In the same vein, nothing prevents another nation or organization from calling another country a pariah state. The criteria for defining a pariah state has not been regulated by any international authority (such as the UN, for example). Pariah states may have policies that disturb the rights of the world or a large group of nations, intentions to expand its territory, abstain from diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, or be a threat to the world if it obtained nuclear arms. Other nations justify identifying a nation as a pariah state by claiming that the nation violates established international norms at either a domestic or international level. The disadvantage of being a pariah state is that the nation is excluded from international relations, put under economic sanctions, and sometimes invaded by external military forces. This distinction has two considerations: the disadvantage of being a pariah state and the justification given by the international community. The term "pariah state" is used to describe a nation which is not accepted or recognized by the majority of governments around the world. What Is A Pariah State? In the 1990s, many countries considered Sierra Leone to be a "pariah state".
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